QUANTUM DOTS IN NANOELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS: PROPERTIES, SYNTHESIS, AND DEVICE APPLICATIONS

Abstract

Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals exhibiting quantum confinement effects, which lead to discrete energy levels and size-tunable optical and electronic properties. These characteristics have positioned QDs as pivotal materials in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and photonics. This paper comprehensively reviews the synthesis methods, physical and electronic properties, charge transport phenomena, and integration of quantum dots in devices such as LEDs, solar cells, lasers, and quantum computing systems. Challenges in scalability, stability, and device integration are also discussed, along with future perspectives in next-generation photonic and electronic technologies.