SPINTRONICS IN LOW-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS: FUNDAMENTALS, PHENOMENA, AND DEVICE APPLICATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12060/jet-ep-v27.i1-1Keywords:
Spintronics, low-dimensional materials, spin-orbit coupling, graphene, topological insulators, spin relaxation, spin valves.Abstract
Spintronics exploits the electron’s spin degree of freedom in addition to charge, enabling energy-efficient electronic devices with enhanced functionality. Low-dimensional materials, including two-dimensional (2D) systems, topological insulators, and graphene, offer unique opportunities for spin manipulation due to strong spin-orbit coupling, reduced dimensionality, and high mobility. This paper reviews the fundamental principles of spin transport, spin relaxation mechanisms, and device concepts in low-dimensional materials. Recent experimental advances, challenges in scalability, and future perspectives for spin-based computing and memory applications are also discussed.