SMART AND SUSTAINABLE CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE USING IOT, MACHINE LEARNING, AND STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING TECHNIQUES

Abstract

The rapid growth of urbanization and aging infrastructure has increased the demand for smart and sustainable civil infrastructure systems. Traditional inspection and maintenance approaches are often reactive, labor-intensive, and inefficient. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning (ML), and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) techniques has emerged as a transformative solution to enhance infrastructure safety, resilience, and sustainability. This review article presents a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in smart civil infrastructure enabled by IoT-based sensing, data-driven machine learning models, and SHM systems. Key applications, methodologies, benefits, challenges, and future research directions are discussed, highlighting the potential of intelligent technologies to support predictive maintenance, optimize resource utilization, and reduce environmental impacts.