SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS: FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12060/jet-ep-v28.i1-1Keywords:
Low-Dimensional Superconductivity, Thin Films, Quantum Confinement, Cooper Pairs, Quantum Devices.Abstract
Superconductivity in low-dimensional systems has emerged as a crucial research area in condensed matter physics due to its rich quantum phenomena and technological relevance. Reduced dimensionality enhances quantum confinement, electron correlation effects, and fluctuation-driven behavior, leading to unconventional superconducting states. This paper reviews the theoretical foundations of superconductivity in two-dimensional and one-dimensional systems, discusses experimental realizations in thin films, nanowires, and layered materials, and highlights engineering applications such as superconducting electronics, sensors, and quantum computing. Challenges and future research directions are also addressed.